GoodSoundClub - Romy the Cat's Audio Site

06-30-2008

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Bud
upper left crust united snakes
Posts 87
Joined on 07-07-2005

Post #:	26
Post ID:	7714
Reply to:	7713

If not hammers, then glass?

Hi Paul,

The net gauge for one cable of the 140 strands of #40 stuff is #15 AWG, as far as circular mils of area vs current induced heating goes. The surface area is some 13 times that of a solid #15 gauge copper wire. A minimum of 10 times the surface area of an equivalent solid wire is the Litz standard. There are two or three varieties of Litz lay up though. Also, this is only for insulated strands. Bare wire in this sort of mad plan is not considered Litz by the RF folks, because it does not have the external field isolation that the insulated stuff has.

We buy the wire from a company that used to make wire for magnetic memory and are thus the premier redraw house in the US, though, I suppose there are two others just as good in the rest of the world. They do all of the lay up and present us with the final cable on a spool, ready for use in coil winding for audio transformers, which we do to get to live indoors.

The only feasible way to dress the ends is with a solder pot. Just forget about bare copper here, you cannot mechanically strip this many fine wires and remain sane. Since we are not talking about minimalist energy transfer here, the dissimilar metals question really doesn't raise it's argumentative head. I am sure bare copper to bare copper would be best, but the cupric contamination rate would be phenomenal in such a case and you would end up removing a new length of wire insulation about every six months.

The 2 inch radius is really an infinite one, but 2 inches is about the limit for interference that brings an audible change in a high resolution system, where the information that has been stripped away by poor grounds and sodden transformers/capacitors, has been kept to a minimum.

The Litz immunity to external field events just comes from the intermittant exposure of the individual strands as the outer surface, down the length of the cable, as opposed to the continuous exposure of the surface of a solid cable, or even a typical multi strand cable.

The use of small amounts of low dielectric constant material is allowed beecause you space the peices down the length of the entire cablee and it is just a resevoir to aid the dielectric coating on the wires and that supplied by the cotton sleeve. Using this many, or more, strands of bare copper, even in a pure vihyl or nylon sleeve, is audibly more colored than the Litz in a cotton tube without any extra dielectric added. Bare Litz wire is not audibly different from that in cotton, except in the information content of very wide band, low amplitude signals, like hall echo. Musical instrument sound is equivalent for direct tones and their constituent harmonies.

Bud

07-02-2008

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drdna
San Francisco, California
Posts 526
Joined on 10-29-2005

Post #:	28
Post ID:	7724
Reply to:	7720

Thinner wires

Well,

I also did this comparison a long while back and found the same result. The thinner the wire, the better for the preservation of the sound. But it is important to recognize that the sound we hear from a something even perfectly reproducing the recorded stereo sounds will not at all be the same as the Sound of the actual musical event. What is recorded is only a small part of the musical event, like trying to represent an apple with a tiny sliver off the skin.

The problem is that we (or at least I) want to reproduce the original musical event with a stereo system, so the strong temptation is when we hear something that reminds us of the musical even, even if it is a distortion which leads us away from accurately reproducing the recording, we are drawn to it. But so often, we tire of this one small aspect and move on to another different small aspect; hence the audiophile cult.

The key for me is to stay true to getting the reproduction of the recording correct. When this happens, I am getting closer to the actual Sound.

But yes, silver wires.

07-02-2008

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Gregm
Greece
Posts 91
Joined on 02-16-2005

Post #:	29
Post ID:	7725
Reply to:	7724

Cu then Ag, and sound

be wrote:
Gregm, you wrote: "Yet, the best result -- i.e. most homogeneous sonically -- came from the thinner wires in interconnects."

Did you use silver wire for your comparison?

I used copper in my example above. Later on, I received reports about identical results using silver wire.

drdna wrote:
...the sound we hear from a something even perfectly reproducing the recorded stereo sounds will not at all be the same as the Sound of the actual musical event. What is recorded is only a small part of the musical event, like trying to represent an apple with a tiny sliver off the skin.

The problem is that we (or at least I) want to reproduce the original musical event with a stereo system...

Why on earth would anyone want to attempt that? First of all, the only sensorial connection
between reproduction & actual event is auditory. Not one of the other senses participate in the reproduction! Moreover, you do not have the presence of musicians, the hall is different, there are no other spectators, etc etc. How on earth does anyone expect to recreate anything.

I think that an honest comment somewhere in the '70s perhaps to the effect that one can use acoustic instruments -- live, real music, a musical event -- as a gauge to determine how (in)correctly a system/ component was reproducing a musical instrument, was turned into a gross generalisation.

Rather, I propose the following "vision" for reproduction: to create a completely "new" event, in your living room (or wherever the system is). This event uses music recorded during a musical session, and it uses sound reproduction hardware put together in your best way, etc. It also uses the venue (i.e. your living your) your taste in decorating and your taste in placing the speakers, the chairs, etc.

drdna wrote:
The key for me is to stay true to getting the reproduction of the recording correct. When this happens, I am getting closer to the actual Sound.

Well, at least you're getting close to what became of the recording after the mastering. Please allow me to note that this approach is slightly philosophical; it departs from a ligical premise but may be stomped by reality & at the end of the day, may be less important than we (I) once thought. Regards

07-02-2008

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Romy the Cat

Boston, MA
Posts 10,156
Joined on 05-28-2004

Post #:	30
Post ID:	7727
Reply to:	7725

Different animals all together…

Gregm wrote:
Why on earth would anyone want to attempt that? First of all, the only sensorial connection between reproduction & actual event is auditory. Not one of the other senses participate in the reproduction! Moreover, you do not have the presence of musicians, the hall is different, there are no other spectators, etc etc. How on earth does anyone expect to recreate anything.

I think that an honest comment somewhere in the '70s perhaps to the effect that one can use acoustic instruments -- live, real music, a musical event -- as a gauge to determine how (in)correctly a system/ component was reproducing a musical instrument, was turned into a gross generalisation.

Rather, I propose the following "vision" for reproduction: to create a completely "new" event, in your living room (or wherever the system is). This event uses music recorded during a musical session, and it uses sound reproduction hardware put together in your best way, etc. It also uses the venue (i.e. your living your) your taste in decorating and your taste in placing the speakers, the chairs, etc.

Although it will be way off the topic of the thread but I can’t resist commenting on it as what Gregm said is a very accurate description of my views about audio practice. We should not look for fidelity of truthfulness of reproduction of an actual event but rather we should care about the adequacy of perceptual reaction.

http://www.romythecat.com/Forums/ShowPost.aspx?postID=2466#2466

Live music and audio are different animals with different language and different expressive methods – they both have a common denominator - the human consciousness that harvest the result. So instead of imitating one over another why do not talk to the consciousness directly using the means of purely audio language? In fact there is something else in there …

http://www.romythecat.com/Forums/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=7412

..but I would avoid talking about it publicly for now.

Rgs, Romy the caT

"I wish I could score everything for horns." - Richard Wagner. "Our writing equipment takes part in the forming of our thoughts." - Friedrich Nietzsche

07-02-2008

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drdna
San Francisco, California
Posts 526
Joined on 10-29-2005

Post #:	31
Post ID:	7731
Reply to:	7727

What is a Connection to the music?

Romy the Cat wrote:
Gregm wrote:
Why on earth would anyone want to attempt that? First of all, the only sensorial connection between reproduction & actual event is auditory. Not one of the other senses participate in the reproduction! Moreover, you do not have the presence of musicians, the hall is different, there are no other spectators, etc etc. How on earth does anyone expect to recreate anything.

I think that an honest comment somewhere in the '70s perhaps to the effect that one can use acoustic instruments -- live, real music, a musical event -- as a gauge to determine how (in)correctly a system/ component was reproducing a musical instrument, was turned into a gross generalisation.

Rather, I propose the following "vision" for reproduction: to create a completely "new" event, in your living room (or wherever the system is). This event uses music recorded during a musical session, and it uses sound reproduction hardware put together in your best way, etc. It also uses the venue (i.e. your living your) your taste in decorating and your taste in placing the speakers, the chairs, etc.

Although it will be way off the topic of the thread but I can’t resist commenting on it as what Gregm said is a very accurate description of my views about audio practice. We should not look for fidelity of truthfulness of reproduction of an actual event but rather we should care about the adequacy of perceptual reaction.

http://www.romythecat.com/Forums/ShowPost.aspx?postID=2466#2466

Live music and audio are different animals with different language and different expressive methods – they both have a common denominator - the human consciousness that harvest the result. So instead of imitating one over another why do not talk to the consciousness directly using the means of purely audio language? In fact there is something else in there …

http://www.romythecat.com/Forums/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=7412

..but I would avoid talking about it publicly for now.
Rgs, Romy the caT

Yes, you are both correct; I absolutely agree and this is what I thought I was saying?!? I used a very poor choice of words apparently when I said to try to "reproduce the original Musical event" although I hoped from the context my meaning would be obvious. Wasn't it? I guess not.

When I used this phrase, I am trying to say get the same feelings and human perceptual experience from the reproduced event as the original musical event. I think it might be a better choice to say "connect to the original event." So thanks guys for clarifying my statement so that it will not be misunderstood.

Adrian

07-20-2008

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	32
Post ID:	7850
Reply to:	7731

Double-twisting 2 1/2; a tail of synergy

OK, I should have done this back when I first thought of it; basically, if I had a tail, I'd wag it: Twisted cotton-wrapped POCC silver and urethane-coated POCC copper with WBT silver Next-Gen connectors; 4 wires/cable; 1 25.5 ga. Cu and 1 26 ga. Ag per leg.

Until I got into today's session, I was thinking it takes the copper longer to break in than the silver, and I was thinking I was getting less than the sum of the parts (parts as descroibed earlier). I was also concerned that there might be a sense of "striation" or "stratification". But then things began to come into focus, and I am quite pleased with the results so far, with the whole being greater than the sum of the parts. Focus and "integrity" are significantly improved, along with more natural (and less gratutous) harmonics and better bass, with improved dynamics as a bonus. This latter effect likely comes from a less "homoginized" sound, so each instrument in the ensemble "registers" much better, along with a clear "sense" of "felt" impact that's better than copper alone. The "sense of clarity" is also backed up with actual clarity that is better than silver alone. Also, the soundfield (not the "stage")...is larger, with the walls gone altogether, and performers are now a little tiny bit closer.

I really enjoyed the effects with massed instruments, like flutes and even violins, which are sounding better than ever.

When the ML2s finally settle well into their own integrity (about 2 1/2 hours in), the focus, density and sense of ensemble play are amazing and quite captivating.

Of course none of this would add up if it took away from the music; but I am happy to say that the opposite is true. Another day when I just hated to shut it down.

Returning to the "Real World": this is just one run of IC we're talking about, here...

Go figure...

Paul S

10-04-2018

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	33
Post ID:	25125
Reply to:	7850

A "Shielded" Version of the Above (for all it's worth...)

Over 10 year later, I finally "finished" and installed a shielded version of the above cable for the short run between my phono SUT and my phono stage, replacing the nondescript Placette cables I've been using there all this time. As anyone experienced in this sort of thing (myself, for instance) might have predicted, the ultra-quiet grounding scheme I used for all these years (with the Placette cables) does not work with the new cables. I spent less than an hour futzing with the ground scheme this go. At one point I was listening to Elvis despite there was "no input" , just system gain, so RFI (obviously). The quietest I got it before I ran out of patience was a still too annoying, fairly pure 60 Hz hum. Other than this, I like the sound now better than the Placettes. I hope I can stifle the hum before I die from old age. Something besides the shield and bleed wires I did different this time was using Eichmann Silver Bullet connectors (with plastic sleeves) vs. (metal sleeved) WBTs . I hope this isn't the problem, although I suppose any other fix procedure would beat having to re-fish each "layer" through each subsequent sleeve; what a PITA that was! And despite I use a very tiny soldering iron (Thermaltronics), soldering tiny wire to the tiny Eichmann terminals was also a major PIT, including melting the plastic jacket where the negative stud terminal runs through it!

Construction was: a twisted pair of the silver wires mentioned above, and twisted over them a single, coated copper wire (as above) for signal only. Then foamed PTFE tube over that. Then braided, tinned copper wire tubing for the shield. Then braided poly tubing for the jacket over that. Heat shrink tubing binds the ends. Stud screws hold the connector jackets to the heat shrinked sleeve ends. I soldered tinned Cu bleeder wires to the shield near one end of each cable. Eichmann Silver Bullet connectors (RCA), as mentioned above.

Paul S

10-27-2018

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	34
Post ID:	25143
Reply to:	25125

Guy Hammel Would Laugh!

Not that I have a lot of patience for audio, but I finally ran out my allotment for the effing shielded phono cables when the clock sounded 12 before I figured out a quiet grounding scheme. On the up side, I cleaned and re-greased all the contacts for the first time in years, and at least the system is hum and RFI free with the Placette cables in place. As far as I know, these cables are also shielded, but there are no "bleeder wires" for the shields, so I guess the shields are tied to the negative jack terminal. Who knows? Anyway, even though the Placette cables "don't sound as good" as my new Ag/Cu multi-metal cables, I will stick with them for now because I have them here, and they don't add 60Hz hum. Not sure how I'd go about tying my cables' high mass shields to the teeny, tiny Eichmann negative poles, if I want to try them that way! Something funny, I think, is that Guy never advertised the fact that he made or makes proprietary cables, and I've never seen other Placette cables, so this is likely something that he just "knocked out", like, no big deal. And a funny story came with these Placette cables: I bought them from a local fellow who turned out to have been involved in a class action law suit against Dave Fletcher/SOTA, saying the vacuum hold down feature ruined his priceless record collection by embedding dust into the vinyl! And (of course...) I've used a SOTA vacuum TT since 1984 with no problems whatsoever, so (of course...) the litigant was misguided at best, or a sue-happy jerk at worst. Poor David Fletcher!

Paul S

04-26-2021

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	35
Post ID:	26125
Reply to:	25143

Alex, check this cable thread

In this cable thread there are some ideas about materials and construction of cables. My most recent attempt for good-sounding shielded phono cables are from Bud Purvine, using his specialty Litz wire construction, Vampire 800C connectors, and unbleached cotton covering. Sadly, and contrary to Bud's extensive experience, they are not EMI-proof enough to use them where I aimed to, from my cartridge SUT to my phono stage (see previous post). But this is always a worst case scenario, and Bud's cables work very well, indeed from my DAC to my TVC. Repeating myself, I prefer to use unshielded cable whenever possible, because I prefer the overall sound of unshielded cables. HOWEVER, there are times when cables must be shielded. Another repetition: A friend now retired from the Sound/Recording business thinks I am crazy to even consider anything but balanced equipment and cables, and he applies bias to his long runs. And he should know!

Best regards,
Paul S

04-26-2021

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xandcg

Rio de Janeiro, BR.
Posts 218
Joined on 09-07-2014

Post #:	36
Post ID:	26126
Reply to:	26125

Half way.

Hello,

I've found this thread yesterday/today late night, skimmed it, and bookmarked to read today, what will just be possible to do a bit later.

Bud's cable seem to be half way of what I have in mind (I' don't remember if he use wax or something but this is not the most important thing now).

From the point of having the cotton sleeve installed, I would try to add a layer of copper or aluminum[1] foil to shield the cable, and later the Teflon or similar mostly to hold everything in place, and also to be safer.

I suppose this construction would retain the characteristic of cotton sleeved cable while still shielding it. What may be problematic (or no) is if everything become to tight and constrain the cotton too much, ruining its characteristics.

The only thing holding me to try it now is the fact I have to leave the home to buy a few things (like some cotton), but I have a catheter in my kidney (no dramatic reasons involved) and I can't do any kind physical exercise until this thing is removed. If I walk more than 100 meters the issues begin...

I could buy on-line but the mail is not delivering[2] anything in my region. There is a huge problem of cargo robbing in `Rio de Janeiro` and they don't want to risk[3], and so we need to go in there to receive anything... fortunately I can get all bills on the internet.

[1] probably everyone have in the kitchen.
[2] Brazil things...
[3] in fact the mail service is likely close to bankrupt, but since it is a public company the thing can be kept on life support for long time.

Thanks!

Think for yourself, do not be sheep.

04-26-2021

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	37
Post ID:	26127
Reply to:	26126

Less Than 1/2 Way?

Do read this thread carefully, especially Bud's posts, if you want to use anything herein as a basis or as bases for your own cables. Your remarks about the cotton sleeve, for example, seem to indicate you'd not read this when you listed your putative changes. Whether you choose to actually incorporate any of this is up to you, of course, and YMMV, in any case, of course. But random divergences are just that, of course. Please report back with recipes and results in context.

Best regards,
Paul S

04-26-2021

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	39
Post ID:	26129
Reply to:	26128

$ilver Connector$

I've read that high-purity silver does not corrode, and so far none of my Eichmann or WBT silver RCA connectors have corroded, years and years down the road. However, they have gotten pretty darn expensive! The WBT are well made, at least, and I would say the same of the Eichmanns, but they are very fragile, and soldering the return wires created enough heat to melt their poly (lightweight plastic; whatever...) sleeves. As far as copper, it's very hard to find connectors made from reasonably pure Cu, and I don't like the plating options that are pervasive these days. I swallow hard and use the Vampire 800Cs, which have a directly applied, "sputtered" gold plating. Pick your poison. Another thing is mass. I don't like the idea of massive connectors, and many of the boutique connectors these days are long, thick, elaborate and heavy. Plenty of people I know hoarded the old, cheap-o Radio Shack connectors, figuring their light weight more than offset the crappy metal they're made of. You've seen the "high end" IC using Switchcraft, which is pretty much a commercial staple, but, again, not special, IMO. DH Labs says some interesting things about the construction of their connectors; but they offer several versions, and hard to be sure from their "specs" which parts are made of what, exactly how they're plated, and what it all means in terms of conductivity. Again, baseline, as far as connectors, it's all about manufacturing supply chains and marketing, and not much better for the insulation, and the wire, itself, really.

Salvaging silver via the internet? Is it "6 nines"? I reckon it costs more to get ahold of it than it's worth as base metal. And how does this help with cable connectors, anyway?

Alex, I spent a while with an ostomy bag of sh*t hanging off my side, also some catheter crap I won't forget, so I have some idea what it's like. Glad it's behind me now, and I wish the same for you, ASAP.

Best regards,
Paul S

04-26-2021

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xandcg

Rio de Janeiro, BR.
Posts 218
Joined on 09-07-2014

Post #:	40
Post ID:	26130
Reply to:	26129

Copper connectors.

Paul,

I've been using my utterly boring pandemic free time to look for stuff on the internet and update the data/designs of some projects, and I am almost sure I've seen a company selling copper connectors (RCA at least) plated with gold (likely in Asia), but I'm failing to remember what company is that; however I found this one too, (not cheap) using gold plated "tellurium copper" (IIRC the connector of the other company looked better made).

https://audioenvy.com/product/connectors/pure-copper-rca/

About the connector salvage, it was more about the idea of looking for old military electronics which I suppose should not be that hard to find in Central/Eastern Europe.

My catheter thing is not so dramatic since this is fully internal. This is a 'Double J' catheter connecting the right kidney with the bladder(?). I've done two kidney surgeries this year due to kidney stones, the first was an emergence to (reestablish the urine flux), and the one I have now was supposed to stay for just about a week or two (removed about the end of the last month), but with the COVID cases skyrocketing in here all elective surgeries are suspended in almost all hospitals, and so I have no idea when this thing will be removed (unless something like a complication arise turning the remotion into an emergency).

I have two problems about leaving home: 1. if I walk more the 100...200 meters I get a lot of blood in the urine[1], increasing the chances of some complication. 2. quite often when I drink any liquid I need to use the bathroom right after. If I try to hold it for a second, an intense pain begin, increasing over the time, and then at some point holding the urine make no difference... :-)

...and I still have two other surgeries to do this year, one in the gallbladder and another related with a cyst[2].

[1] ironically, with the first and identical catheter I had after the first surgery I got no problems of doing anything.
[2] the surgery is super simple but it needs to heal open (above the coccyx). I'm procrastinating this one for years waiting a better solution (there is a new one using laser but not available in here yet except in the south region). :-(

Cheers,
Alex

Think for yourself, do not be sheep.

04-26-2021

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xandcg

Rio de Janeiro, BR.
Posts 218
Joined on 09-07-2014

Post #:	41
Post ID:	26131
Reply to:	26129

Supra Cables.

Paul,

Not the company I've referenced before (the one I forgot the name) but I just remembered of `Supra Cables` from Sweden. I had a look and their connectors are "24K Gold plated Copper". Apparently they are slightly cheaper (in Europe, about 25 EUR) than DH Labs (in USA); however Supra also sell BULK, what may make them cheaper.

http://www.jenving.com/products/connectors-17

This is their distributor in USA: https://www.sjofnhifi.net/

If you know someone working with import/export you may try to buy FOB. In this case you would probably need to buy more than you need but nothing will hold you to sell them on Ebay later.

EDIT: you may also want to have a look on SineWorld. I don't have idea of their prices and the website don't tell anything about the the material (if copper or what) but their stuff is usually well made.

EDIT_2: based on some of their other connectors (I was looking RCA) the actual conductor is likely to be phosphor-bronze.

Their dealer in America is in Canada.

Cheers! Alex

Think for yourself, do not be sheep.

04-27-2021

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drdna
San Francisco, California
Posts 526
Joined on 10-29-2005

Post #:	44
Post ID:	26134
Reply to:	26129

Low mass RCA connectors

Paul S wrote:
Plenty of people I know hoarded the old, cheap-o Radio Shack connectors, figuring their light weight more than offset the crappy metal they're made of.

Yes, I'm one of them! I love those Radio Shack connectors. It's easy to work with delicate solid wires without heavy connectors bending and breaking everything. It's my experience that when dealing with silver, copper and other metals, that the amount of the circuit path that is made of a particular metal is proportional to its influence on the sound. So, those low mass connectors worked just fine.

Adrian

04-28-2021

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xandcg

Rio de Janeiro, BR.
Posts 218
Joined on 09-07-2014

Post #:	46
Post ID:	26136
Reply to:	26135

Wireworld Pro Audio.

Jarek,

Thank you for your input. This is nice to have a somehow a list of good connectors.

Today I found Wireworld Pro Audio[1] sell "Silver-clad OFC" connectors (they call plugs). I never had any contact with Wireworld products but their products seem well made; however, apparently, no RCA (perhaps not advertised). Also, I failed to find prices on the internet.

EDIT: Well, the regular Wireworld also advertise connectors.
EDIT_2: Their have their own store but just available in USA, but I used some proxy and had a look on connectors prices, they vary. RCA cost from US$12 to US$60 and they don't put all specifications; however they tell what Wireworld cable use that plug, and looking on the cable specification (apparently, this is not very clear) they all have copper conductors, some plated with silver others with gold.

May be a good deal for those living in USA.

[1] roughly same "audiophile" Wireworld but for professional audio.

Best regards,
Alex.

Think for yourself, do not be sheep.

04-29-2021

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Paul S
San Diego, California, USA
Posts 2,657
Joined on 10-12-2006

Post #:	48
Post ID:	26138
Reply to:	26137

Part and Parcel of Copper Parts

The thing is, none of these parts are "homemade" (or, VERY few of them are...), rather they are made by people/companies who are all about "manufacturing". It's said that copper just doesn't lend itself to machining or bending (manufacturing), and it starts corroding immediately. That's all it takes, from a manufacturing standpoint, to make "pure copper" a non-starter for parts. The plating on copper parts assumes people don't want to/won't deal with the corrosion, and/or it mitigates wear. I think silver is more friendly, also very expensive. I think there's plenty of mis/disinformation about "pure copper" floating around out there. Like most things these days, it seems parts for connectors come from just a couple manufacturers, and others have their names stamped on the (sometimes slightly modified) generic parts.

Paul S

04-29-2021

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xandcg

Rio de Janeiro, BR.
Posts 218
Joined on 09-07-2014

Post #:	50
Post ID:	26140
Reply to:	26138

No need to build in-house.

Paul,

I don't know anything about the background oft these companies but the fact copper corrode during the building process isn't a drama. Ships hulls are mainly built of steel with the plates rusted during the building phase[1], and this isn't a problem at all but just need inspect the depth of the corrosion and blast-clean before primer/painting.

Also, the fact the connectors come from a few manufactures doesn't necessary means they are all the same but the same tooling were used. Provided the involved players are not lazy/cheap/crooks this is all about design/specifications/requirements. If you design a custom screw now and bring it to a screw industry in China, it will just take to discuss the price/quantity to have them built to your exactly design/specifications/requirements, often in a few days.

That said, if these companies are so "garage" sized they can't ever do that, because the minimum amount requested by the manufacturer is too high ($) for them, this is another story.

Of course the ability to build in-house bring a lot of advantages since testing the design is a lot of easier and can be done faster, and this is also one of the main reasons "everyone" is in China. This is quite easy to have things bespoke built, tested, and released fast without the need to acquire every piece of equipment necessary to build the final product.

[1] actually usually before since they tends to be stored outside, often for years.

Think for yourself, do not be sheep.

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»	New	Chasing utopian better phono interconnect...	Did I miss something?...	Analog Playback Forum	6	110854	06-05-2008
»	New	FM and … cables…..	Cables as Sound Shapers...	Off Air Audio Forum	4	45397	04-15-2009
»	New	The BEST bass cable?..	Dialectic biased cable....	Audio Discussions Forum	4	44969	04-22-2011

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